In Word go to Insert => Symbol and scroll down the window to reach the Latin Extended A set, which contains these symbols. The special symbols in the tables below are available in both Word and WordPerfect (and other word processors). In WP5.1 there is no SmartQuotes feature. Bear in mind that if you include these primes in any search and replace operation, they will be converted to "curly" quotes automatically. Since you will shut off this feature only to type one character (single or double quote) and then turn it on again, it is convenient to write a macro that does this. In Word go to Tools => AutoCorrect =>AutoFormat As You Type. In WordPerfect go to Tools => Quick Correct => Smart Quotes. To achieve this in your word processor (Word or Windows WordPerfect) you must temporarily shut off the feature that converts "straight" quotation marks to "curly" ones. Typographical nicety begs for the rendering of the soft sign as a prime rather than a curved single quote (single smart or "curly" quote), and the hard sign as a double prime (typewriter double quote) rather than a curved close quote (double smart or "curly" quote). You may consult the Library of Congress Romanization tables here. Otherwise, these two schemes are obligatory in the form presented below. These ligatures, however, are seldom actually used and it is acceptable to work without them. ![]() The Library of Congress system requires ligatures (superscript arcs above the letters) for those Cyrillic characters that are rendered by more than a single Latin character. They are the system developed by the US Library of Congress and the International system (also called the scientific or the European system) which is loosely based on the International Phonetic Alphabet. Only two standard transliteration systems from Ukrainian to English are acceptable in scholarly discourse. Pederson.Transliterating Ukrainian and Russian Transliterating Ukrainian in Slavic Department Courses at the University of Toronto Summary of romanization systems for Russian ( ) (PDF) by Thomas T.Юр ь ев = Yur yev ( ь omitted-see ь line below) Įxcept in -ый and -ий endings (see below).When it is a commonly accepted convention Russian letter or letter combination English transliteration Special provisions Examples А (а) It is similar to BGN/PCGN transliteration, with several exceptions. The following table describes a method to derive the most common informal transcriptions of Russian names into the Latin alphabet, suitable for English-speakers. Note that the transliteration to other languages can be different (for instance: Russian "Воронин" = English "Voronin" = French "Voronine", Горбачёв = Gorbachev = Gorbatchev, etc.).Ĭonventional transcription of Russian names BGN/PCGN 1947 transliteration system (United States Board on Geographic Names & Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use).America Library Association & Library of Congress (ALA-LC) Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (1997), used in North American libraries.ISO 9:1995, from the International Organization for Standardization.Russian abbreviation of GOsudarstvenny STandart, "the State Standard". GOST 16876-71 (1983), from the Main Administration of Geodesy and Cartography of the former Soviet Union.Used in the Russian Federation and increasingly in international cartographic products. The United Nations-recommended romanization system (1987), based on GOST.Standard Cyrillic-to-English transliteration systems include: ![]() In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration on the QWERTY keyboard and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic. It is also essential for the input of Russian text into computer by users who either do not have the keyboard or word processor set up for input of Cyrillic, or else they are not capable of typing rapidly on the distinct Cyrillic keyboard. Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in English text. There exist many possible systems for transliterating the Cyrillic alphabet of the Russian language to English or the Latin alphabet.
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